Unit 1 biology and disease the heart practice exam questions. Alevel biology question paper unit 01 biology and disease june 2014 author. Aqa alevel biology 7402 paper 2 unofficial mark scheme th june 2019. It is often the underlying cause that leads to heart disease. Coronary heart disease chd flashcards in a level and. Structure and function of the heart as level biology aqa. List of books and articles about coronary heart disease.
If atherosclerosis of these vessels occurs, then the heart has to work harder and blood pressure rises. Cardiovascular physiology gives you a solid understanding of how the cardiovascular system functions in both health and disease. The heart is the centre of the cardiovascular system. Journal of cardiovascular diseases and diagnosis open. Brendan phibbs has created a resource that distills the core knowledge of cardiology into highly readable chapters with simple diagrammatic aids to ensure understanding. This results in coronary heart disease, the most common type of heart disease in the united states. Coronary heart disease ischaemic heart disease types, causes. In humans, the heart is located between the lungs, in the middle compartment of the chest in humans, other mammals, and birds, the heart is divided into four chambers. The mammalian heart and circulatory system gcse science. A stroke is where the blood supply to part of the brain is cut off, which can cause brain damage and.
Give a definition of coronary heart disease chd when the blood supply to the heart is blocked obstructed by fatty deposits on the coronary arteries. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. A substantial number of these deaths can be attributed to tobacco smoking, which increases the risk of dying from coronary heart disease and cerebrovascular disease 23 fold. Angina chest pains caused by an inadequate supply of blood and therefore o 2 to the heart muscle. A basic guide to heart disease 2nd edition is a notable exception. Relative risk and excess death rate for coronary heart disease among men, by age group. The heart is a pump that circulates blood all around the body. There is good evidence that a high level of alcohol consumption increases risk of heart disease lucas et al. Ocr human biology is an exciting and stimulating course that covers how the human. Revision guide ocr 2004 coordination group publications ltd cgp united kingdom.
Physical inactivity and unhealthy diet are other main risk factors which. A question on coronary heart disease and blood pressure as aqa biology watch. Information there are 100 marks available on this paper. The coronary arteries supply oxygen and blood to the heart. Small branches dive into the heart muscle to bring it blood. Data generated via electrocardiography can be used to identify a variety of heart conditions, including.
Additional research into the genetics, molecular biology, and biochemistry at. The risk of coronary heart disease rises as blood cholesterol levels increase. Unfortunately, this issue has been discussed in less detail in the literature than this fact demands. Unit 3 practical biology and research skills assessed internally 20% of as level 10% of a2 level research skills coursework this is a written assessment based on a visit to a site of biological interest or a report of nonpractical research on an area of biological interest. The graph shows the results of these investigations.
The book provides an intensive overview on exercise for cardiovascular disease prevention and treatment, from basic research to clinical practice. The cardiac cycle is basically what happens during one heart beat, and since it is continuous, a description could begin anywhere. Heart failure is the end result of many diseases affecting the heart, but is most commonly associated with ischaemic heart disease, valvular heart disease, or high blood pressure. Associated with old age, the blood vessel walls, particularly of the arteries, become less elastic and more liable to rupture. This animation will show you how risk factors like high cholesterol, high blood pressure and smoking can lead to blocked arteries blood vessels.
Both occur because the arteries carrying blood to the heart muscle become blocked or narrowed, usually by a deposit of fatty substances, a process known as atherosclerosis. Controlling blood cholesterol levels can help reduce a persons risk of chd. They have been addressed in previous who guidelines. Coronary heart disease chd, or coronary artery disease, develops when the coronary arteries become too narrow. Tobacco use, whether it is smoking or chewing tobacco. Coronary heart disease new gcse teaching resources. These vessels form a complete circuit a closed circulatory system. Powered by create your own unique website with customizable templates. Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology. Coronary heart disease chd is the major cause of death in most developed countries and in many developing countries. The buildup of atheroma makes the arteries narrower, restricting the flow of blood to the heart muscle. A trial was carried out on a small number of healthy volunteers, divided into two 10 groups. Gce biology question paper unit 01 biology and disease.
Coronary arteries supply blood to the heart muscle. Coronary heart disease chd is formed when the supply of blood to the heart is blocked off due to the build up of fatty substances in these coronary arteries. Explore what each of these are and how we can treat them. Selected fulltext books and articles almost half of us adults have some form of heart disease by krisberg, kim the nations health, vol. Cardiovascular disease any disease associated with the heart and blood vessels including aneurysms, thrombosis and myocardial infarction. It irreversibly combines with haemoglobin and reduces oxygencarrying capacity of the blood. Mh coronary heart disease is the number 1 killer in the uk and europe. Heart failure even without atherosclerotic coronary artery disease is the most common cardiac endpoint and cause of hospitalization among medicareaged patients whether or not hypertension exists. More males suffer from coronary heart disease than females. Structure of the heart alevel biology revision notes. People with coronary heart disease are at risk of angina and heart attack. Cardiovascular diseases how tobacco smoke causes disease.
Atheroma a fibrous plaque caused by the build up and hardening of white blood cells, lipids and connective tissue. If atherosclerosis happens in the coronary arteries that supply the heart muscle with oxygenated blood, the person has coronary heart disease chd. The heart is a muscular organ in most animals, which pumps blood through the blood vessels of the circulatory system. Clinical, pathological, imaging, and molecular profiles presents a comprehensive picture of ischemic heart disease for practitioners, students, and investigators dealing with the varied facets of this complex subject.
The coronary arteries wrap around the outside of the heart. According to the study, there is an inverse association between serum bicarbonate and chd events in type 2 diabetic patients as serum. Oct 15, 2008 mammalian heart for a level biology slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. Cardiovascular heart disease british heart foundation. It is approximately the size of a human fist and is located just to the left of the centre of a humans chest. This makes it difficult for the heart to receive the extra nutrients and oxygen it requires during exercise. Factors effecting coronary heart disease chd has two principal forms angina and heart attacks myocardial infarction. People with established cardiovascular disease are at very high risk of recurrent events and are not the subject of these guidelines. This awardwinning text has been completely updated, providing a superior multimedia reference for every aspect of this. The role of lifestyle in development of coronary heart disease. Nowadays coronary heart disease chd, also known as coronary arteries disease, is one of major killer diseases in many countries. Biology coronary heart disease coronary heart disease edexcel as biology courseworkissue report example. Coronary heart disease chd is usually caused by a buildup of fatty deposits atheroma on the walls of the arteries around the heart coronary arteries.
The causes of coronary heart disease biology essay introduction. Aqa gce biology as award 1411 unit 1 the heart unit 1 biology and disease the heart practice exam questions. He is an expert in the field of atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease with several publications and extensive research in these areas. Coronary artery disease cardiology explained ncbi bookshelf. Cardiovascular diseases cvds are the major cause of death globally, which are a group of disorders of the heart and blood vessels. Comprehensive coverage starts with the basic pathophysiologic mechanisms of the disease, including molecular and genetic mechanisms, cells interaction and. However, coronary heart disease, a multifactorial illness of the coronary vessels, still remains the most common cause of death in developed countries. Home learning activity starter activity and worksheets adapted from a. Niacin nicotinic acid has been used to treat cardiovascular disease for over 50 years 1 and was the first drug to show a reduction in cardiovascular events and mortality in patients with prior myocardial infarction. Scool revision summary scool, the revision website. He is a member of the board for five cardiology journals, and has contributed more than 70 chapters to current books in the field. Heart disease includes conditions that narrow or block blood vessels coronary heart disease.
The heart 54 coronary heart disease 58 the digestive system 60 cholera 67 disease lifestyle and disease 68 defence against disease 72 immunisation 80 monoclonal antibodies 81 appendices 1 mathematical requirements 83 2 the unit 1 exam 86 these notes may be used freely by a level biology students and teachers. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Alevel biology question paper unit 01 biology and disease january 2011 author. The heart is a hollow muscular organ that lies in the middle of the chest cavity. Blood provides the body with oxygen and nutrients, as well as assisting in the removal of metabolic wastes. Biology biol1 unit 1 biology and disease monday 14 may 2012 9.
Heart disease also covers conditions that affect your heart s muscle, valves or cause abnormal rhythms arrhythmias. Like all other tissues in the body, the heart muscle needs oxygenrich blood to function. Anatomy and function of the coronary arteries johns. Download pdf heart and coronary arteries book full free. When other risk factors such as high blood pressure and tobacco smoke are present, this risk increases even more. Heart disease revision notes in a level and ib biology. The heart is made of a special type of muscle called the cardiac muscle. High levels of physical activity reduce the risk of coronary artery disease by about 25%. Risk factors associated with chd are diet, blood cholesterol, cigarette smoking and high blood pressure. Coronary artery disease cad, also known as coronary heart disease chd or ischemic heart. From biology to clinical practice links the most important basic concepts of atherosclerosis pathophysiology to treatment management of coronary artery disease. Cross through any work you do not want to be marked. The circulatory system functions in the delivery of oxygen, nutrient molecules, and hormones and the removal of carbon dioxide, ammonia and other metabolic wastes. Coronary artery disease cad is the most common cause of mortality in the developed world.
The diet of a person can increase the risk of coronary heart disease. Take an indepth look at the anatomy of the heart through video, pictures, and explanation. The coronary arteries are the blood vessels that supply oxygen and blood to the heart. Cardiovascular disease an overview sciencedirect topics. This is the build up of fatty material in the walls of arteries. The heart must work harder to supply oxygen to tissues and can lead to high blood pressure. These may become blocked by a buildup of fatty plaques.
This can lead to a heart attack, angina and some strokes. The clinical complications of chd lead to substantial disability and are a main source of the rising cost of health care. While the symptoms and signs of coronary heart disease are. A persons cholesterol level is also affected by age, sex and heredity. There are many types, including coronary artery disease, angina, and heart failure.
The volume firstly summarizes the acute and chronic response to exercise. Less common causes include various cardiomyopathies. For instance, if the presence of smoking alone doubles the level of risk, the. Alevel biologytransportmammalian heart wikibooks, open. By summarizing this novel knowledge and changes in diagnostic algorithm and treatment options, this is the perfect reference for cardiology researchers who want a volume with the most uptodate experimental trends in the field of atherosclerosis, for cardiologists and physicians who manage patients with atherosclerotic risk factors and established coronary artery disease, and medical students who.
The structure of the heart is shown in the diagram below. Secondly, evidence for exercise as medicine for the heart based on clinical studies and basic research is summarized. Angina, heart attack and heart failure and are all clinical forms of coronary heart disease. This is a disease of the coronary arteries, which branch from the aorta to supply the heart muscle. Coronary heart disease, clogged arteries and atherosclerosis. Free cardiology books download ebooks online textbooks. Cardiovascular disease revision notes in a level and ib biology.
The circulatory system function alevel biology revision notes. The heart is a hollow muscular organ which lies in the middle of the chest cavity. Cardiovascular disease encompasses a group of diseases. Mammals have a double circulation, which means that the right hand side of the heart pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs in the pulmonary artery to pick up oxygen and release carbon dioxide. Unit 1 biology and disease wednesday 21 may 2014 9. The anatomy of the heart consists of the vena cava, right atrium, right ventricle, left and right pulmonary arteries, left and right pulmonary veins, left atrium, left ventricle, and aorta. They have thin walls which receive blood from veins. The coronary arteries supply blood to the heart muscle. On average, the heart beats between 6070 times a minute at rest. From biology to clinical practice links the most important basic concepts of. Exercise for cardiovascular disease prevention and. A question on coronary heart disease and blood pressure. As biology notes 2015 all in one a2 biology handwritten notes 2016.
Individual chapters introduce the anatomy of the coronary blood vessels and cardiac development, while others consider current imaging modalities utilized. New gcse 2016 coronary heart disease previously artificial or real based on the aqa specification this lesson covers. The scientists injected one group with the monoclonal antibody in salt solution. This consists of the heart and the blood vessels through which the blood passes. Jan 01, 2017 this lesson includes information regarding the structure of the heart and how they relate to its function. On average the heart beats over 100 000 times a day and pumps 3780 litres of blood through 100 000 kilometres of blood vessels.
Coronary heart disease is a major cause of death in the uk and much of the rest of the world. Ideal for your systemsbased curriculum, this title in the mosby physiology monograph series explains how the latest concepts apply to reallife clinical situations. Gcse biology why do we get heart disease and how to. The heart and heart disease flashcards in a level and ib. When the heart is filled with blood, the muscles in the atrial walls contracts known as the atrial systole, and this forces the blood from the atria down through the atrioventricular valves into the ventricles. Screening and risk assessment of coronary artery disease. Cardiovascular disease covers a range of heart related problems see below for examples cardio is to do with the heart vascular. Cardiovascular disease affects the heart and blood vessels. Coronary artery disease heart attacks faulty valves heart failure. Chd has numerous causes and thus it is the uks biggest killer with approximately 300,000 people having a heart attack each year. Alevel biology mark scheme unit 01 biology and disease june 20 author.
Obviously to do with the blood vessels those linked directly to the heart and, the rest of the body some of these diseases are linked to lifestyle some of these diseases and problems are linked to genetic disorders as a familial connection can be made i. Furthermore, it also looks at how scientific advances are used to improve health care this course is a real life approach to human biology. Also contains an endofclass activity where the students can draw the structure of a human heart onto a balloon they absolutely love this, links to helpful videos regarding the cardiac cycle, and an included worksheet for the students to include add their labels to throughout the lesson. A diet high in fat, obesity and lack of exercise increases the risk of heart disease. The heart and heart disease aqa alevel biology revision. Prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, heart failure, d rheumatic heart disease, congenital heart disease in children and adults, stroke, cardiovascular diseases in elderly persons, cardiovascular disease in diabetes, cardiovascular. Circulatory system notes heart ventricle heart free. Coronary heart disease chd is the most common cause of death worldwide.
Tachycardia elevated resting heart rate 120 bpm and bradycardia depressed resting heart rate heart beats that are so common in young people that it is not technically considered a disease. Coronary heart disease chd is when your coronary arteries become narrowed by a buildup of fatty material within their walls. Give two risk factors associated with coronary heart disease. It is enclosed in the pericardium, which protects the heart and facilitates its pumping action.
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